Tense | Usage | Example |
Past Perfect Simple |
Vorvergangenheit |
When I arrived the bus had just left. |
Irreale if-Sätze (Vergangenheit) |
If he had worked hard he would have passed. |
Past P. Progressive |
Vorvergangenheit bis Vergangenheit |
When I arrived she had been working for hours. |
Past Simple |
Abgeschlossene zeitlich bestimmte Vergangenheit (yesterday ...) |
I arrived yesterday. When did you call me? Hitler was a dictator. (= He is dead.) |
Irreale if-Sätze (Gegenwart) |
If I had £10,000 I would buy a car. |
Past Progressive |
Abgeschlossene zeitlich bestimmte Verg.heit, vorübergehende Handl. |
At 10 o' clock he was working in the garden. |
Present Perfect Simple |
Abgeschlossene Zustände + Handl.: Unbestimmte Vergangenheit: |
I've never been to Amerika. He has climbed a lot of mountains. Have you ever seen Paris? |
Vergangenheit bis Gegenwart: Zustand dauert noch an |
I have known him for three years. He has been a teacher since 1982. |
Gewohnheitshandlung dauert an |
She has sung in this choir for over 5 years now. |
Present Perfect Progressive |
Handlung dauert noch an |
I have been reading for two hours /since 2 p.m.! |
Handlung ist gerade erst beendet mit unbeabsichtigten Folgen |
My back is aching: I have been working in the garden the whole morning |
Present Simple |
"Universale" Zeit: was immer, oft, gewöhnlich, selten, nie geschieht;
daher auch für Fahrpläne (Zukunft) |
Cologne lies in Germany. He works at Siemens'. I usually get up at 6 o' clock. He never washes.
My bus leaves at 4. The trains arrives at 6 p.m. |
Gegenwart: kurze, momentane, plötzliche Handlungen |
Here comes the doctor! Now I open the parcel. (= die Handlung begleitende Sätze) |
Reale if- (= Bedingungs-)Sätze und temporale (=Zeit-)Nebensätze |
If I win the prize I will buy a big house. When I am 60 I will stop working. |
Present Progressive |
Gegenwart: im Moment ablaufende zeitlich begrenzte Handlung |
What is he doing right now ? ⇒ He is working in the garden. I am listening to the radio |
Present Progressive & Zeitangabe |
Zukunft: fest geplante & arrangierte Handlungen zu einer genannten Zeit |
Bob is coming at 4. I'm visiting the Browns next week. We are having a party Saturday night. |
be going to-Future |
Zukunft: vorgefaßte Absicht |
What about this book? ⇒ I'm going to read it. |
absehbare Ereignisse |
Look at the clouds! I think it's going to rain. |
will-Future |
Zukunft: spontane Absicht |
It's getting dark. I'll switch on the light. |
neutrale Annahmen über "äußere", nicht beeinflußbare Umstände |
I suppose he will leave next week. That will be his first visit. (He won't go = auch: 'will nicht'.) |
will-Future Progressive |
Zukunft: fest geplante Handlungen & sichere Ereignisse zu einer best. Zeit |
Tomorrow at ten a.m. I'll be flying to Rome. He will be sleeping when you come. |
will-Future II Simple |
Vergangenheit aus Sicht der Zukunft |
We will have finished this by 8 o' clock pm. |
Conditional I Simple |
Zukunft aus Sicht der Vergangenheit Möglichkeit: was geschähe, wenn eine Bedingung erfüllt wäre |
He told me he would be back by Sunday. If I had more money I would give you some. |
Conditional I Progressive |
Möglichkeit: was jetzt geschähe ... |
If he had won the money he would be dancing. |
Conditional II Simple |
Möglichkeit: was geschehen wäre, wenn 1 Bedingung erfüllt worden wäre |
If he had won the money he would have given me some. |
Conditional II Progressive |
Möglichkeit: was geschehen wäre ... |
If he had won the money he would have been dancing. |